What is the primary characteristic of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is primarily characterized by an intense preoccupation with perceived flaws or defects in one's physical appearance, which may be minor or even nonexistent. Individuals with BDD often believe that these flaws make them ugly or deformed, leading to significant distress, impact on functioning, and sometimes excessive behaviors such as seeking cosmetic procedures or repeatedly checking mirrors. This pervasive concern with appearance is central to the disorder and distinguishes it from other conditions.

In contrast, recurrent skin picking that leads to lesions is associated with Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder, which focuses more on the behavior of picking rather than the perception of appearance flaws. The inability to experience positive emotions pertains to disorders such as major depressive disorder, where emotional response is affected, and memory loss for autobiographical information is primarily related to dissociative disorders. Each of these alternatives reflects different psychology or behavioral patterns that do not align with the defining features of Body Dysmorphic Disorder.