What defines Major Depressive Disorder with Peripartum Onset?

Major Depressive Disorder with Peripartum Onset is specifically characterized by the timing of depressive symptoms related to the peripartum period, which encompasses both pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period. The correct definition is that the onset of symptoms can occur during pregnancy or within four weeks after delivery.

This definition acknowledges that women may experience significant mood disturbances not only while they are pregnant but also in the critical weeks following childbirth, which is a crucial time for emotional and physical adjustments. By establishing this timeframe, the DSM-5 helps in recognizing and diagnosing this type of depression, ensuring that appropriate interventions can be implemented and support can be provided.

Recognizing symptoms strictly postpartum or solely during pregnancy does not capture the full scope of how and when these distressing symptoms occur, hence those options are not correct. Additionally, the stipulation of symptoms starting after one year postpartum falls outside the peripartum definition entirely, as it does not include the important early period following childbirth.